The income tax treaty and protocol between Singapore and New Zealand, signed on 21 August 2009, entered into force on 12 August 2010. The new treaty generally applies in New Zealand from 1 October 2010 for withholding taxes and from 1 April 2011 for other taxes. In Singapore, it applies from 1 January 2011. From these dates, the new treaty generally replaces the New Zealand-Singapore income tax treaty of 21 August 1973, as amended by the 1993 and 2005 protocols.