Rwanda published Law No. 039/2023 and Law No. 040/2023 in the Official Gazette on 3 August 2023, which provide for the ratification of the pending income tax treaties with Benin and the Czech Republic. The treaty with Benin was signed on 15 April 2023 and the treaty with the Czech Republic was signed on 2 May 2023. Both treaties are the first of their kind between Rwanda and the respective countries and will enter into force after the ratification instruments are exchanged.