On 6 January 2017, officials from India and Kazakhstan signed a protocol to the 1996 income tax treaty between the two countries. According to a release from the Indian Ministry of Finance on the signing, the protocol: Provides internationally accepted standards for effective exchange of information on tax matters; Inserts a Limitation of Benefits Article, to provide a main purpose test to prevent misuse of the treaty, and to allow application of domestic law and measures against tax avoidance or evasion; Inserts specific provisions to facilitate relieving of economic double taxation in transfer pricing cases in line with India’s commitment...