On 4 June 2014, the Italian Chamber of Deputies approved the law ratifying the protocol to the 1981 tax treaty with Luxembourg. The protocol was signed 21 June 2012, and was ratified by Luxembourg on 14 June 2013. It brings the exchange of information article of the treaty in line with OECD standards. The protocol will enter into force once the ratification instruments are exchanged and will apply for taxable periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012.