On 1 August 2012, the Germany - Turkey Income Tax Treaty (2011) entered into force. The treaty generally applies from 1 January 2011 The treaty generally follows the OECD Model Convention. The maximum rates of withholding tax are: -   15% on dividends in general (Art. 10(2)(b) of the treaty) and 5% if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 25% of the capital of the company paying the dividends (Art. 10(2)(a) of the treaty); -   10% on interest (Art. 11(2) of the treaty), subject to exceptions; and -   10% on royalties (Art....