Turkey has published Presidential Decision No. 4835 of 22 November 2021 in the Official Gazette, which includes that the income tax treaty with Venezuela entered into force on 14 October 2021. The treaty, signed 3 December 2018, is the first of its kind between the two countries. Taxes Covered The treaty covers Turkish income tax and corporate tax and covers Venezuelan taxes on income. Withholding Tax Rates Dividends - 5% if the beneficial owner is a company directly holding at least 25% of the paying company's capital; otherwise, 10% Interest - 10% Royalties - 10% Capital Gains The following capital...