The Netherlands has published the Decree of 24 October 2019 in the Official Gazette, which provides for the entry into force of the exemption for debt financing of long-term public infrastructure projects from the interest deduction limitation rules introduced to comply with the EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD1). The Decree entered into force on 6 November 2019 and applies retroactively from 1 January 2019. According to the explanatory note published with the Decree, the exemption required approval from the European Commission, which has been given.