On 25 February 2025, the Japanese Cabinet approved the new income tax treaty with Turkmenistan. The treaty, signed 16 December 2024, will enter into force 30 days after the ratification instruments are exchanged and will apply from 1 January of the year following its entry into force. Once in force and effective, it will replace the 1986 tax treaty between Japan and the former Soviet Union as it applies in respect of Japan and Turkmenistan.