On 10 December 2024, the European Union (EU) Member States adopted the Directive on Faster and Safer Relief of Excess Withholding Taxes. The adopted text is aligned with the political agreement by the Member States in May 2024.EU Member States have until 31 December 2028 to transpose the Directive into national law; the rules will apply, at the latest, from 1 January 2030.The Directive includes three key components: (i) a common EU digital tax residence certificate; (ii) a choice between, or combination of, a "relief at source" system and a "quick refund" system; and (iii) standardized reporting. Executive summary During the...