The Italian Revenue Agency (IRA) recently published two rulings that clarify the application of the VAT exemption with the right to deduct input tax (i.e., zero-rating) for services directly related to COVID-19 vaccines and testing, which was introduced as part of the Budget Law for 2021 with effect from 20 December 2020 to 31 December 2022.

Ruling No. 541 of 9 August 2021 concerns the supply…